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湖北成人教育2023年成人高考专升本英语预测真题及答案（八）.docx
Ⅰ . Phonetics (5 points)
Directions: In each of the following groups of words, there are four underlined letters or letter
combinations marked A, B, C and D. Compare the underlined parts and identify the one that
is different from the others in pronunciation. Mark your answer by blackening the
corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
1. A. die
B. diet
C. diary
D. diamond
2. A. exchange
B. donate
C. engage
D. disadvantage
3. A. Russian
B. revision
C. session
D. tension
4. A. toothache
B. touch
C. bench
D. butcher
5. A. constitution
B. consume
C. consult
D. continue
Ⅱ. Vocabulary and Structure (15 points)
Directions: There are 15 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentencethere are four
choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose one answer that best completes the sentence and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
6. When the students did badly, the teacher became really and didn't smile for weeks.
A. depressed
B. depressing
C. bored
D. boring
7. New ideas have been put into practice he was elected our leader.
A. after
B. for
C. since
D. before
8. Harry sided Simon on this issue and they were able to block the project.
A. with
B. round
C. against
D. in
9. Don't feel like out today.
A. go
B. going
C. to go
D. gone
10. Tonight we are probably going to eat in the hotel restaurant and then get to bed early. I hate staying in hotels but it's part of job.
A. (blank)
B. the
C. a
D. an
11. I want to have this by tomorrow morning.
A. fix
B. fixes
C. fixed
D. fixing
12. I waiting for about an hour when she came.
A. had been
B. have been
C. have had
D. had
13. He is always complaining about one thing or
A. another
B. something
C. others
D. anything
14. Nothing is as as one's health.
A. happy
B. comparative
C. precious
D. generous
15. Robert goes to the gym only two or three times a year. He goes to the gym.
A. always
B. never
C. usually
D. seldom
16. If you had had an umbrella, you wet.
A. would havegotten
B. would not have gotten
C. will not get
D. will have gotten
17. He is suffering from hay fever. He needs to see a doctor, ?
A. is he
B. did he
C. won't he
D. doesn't he
18. Unfortunately, Mary has friends in New York.
A. a few
B. few
C. some
D. many
19. Everybody should try to do best on the exam.
A. his
B. our
C. its
D. their
20. Does he remember what he was doing ?
A. by the time
B. just in time
C. in no time
D. at the time
Ⅲ. Cloze (30 points)
Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that is most suitable and mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
Scientists in the UK have announced that the piranhafish's reputation 21 a fearsome 22may well not be deserved. The fish, which is found in the Amazon in Brazil, have been 23as
deadly carnivores(食肉动物) that work in shoals to overwhelm their prey and strip it of its flesh in seconds.
However, experts 24 St Andrews University say that piranhas are omnivores(杂食动物) that
mainly eat fish, plants and insects. They form big groups not to hunt but to defend 25against
other predators, according to the team.
"Previously it was thought piranhas shoaled as it26them to form a cooperative hunting group," said Professor Anne Magurran. " 27 , we have found that it is primarily a defensive behavior. "
Piranhas can be attacked by animals 28 dolphins, caimans and large fish, so forming a shoal is a good way of 29being killed. Piranhas of 30age stay in the middle of the group for
31and the 32 of the shoal differs according to the level of 33When the water level is
34 , the fish form small groups as there is space to escape, but when the water level drops, they form large groups as protection 35 predators.
21. A. as
B. as if
C. as though
D. since
22. A. kill
B. killer
C. murderer
D. murder
23. A. told
B. saying
C. describing
D. portrayed
24. A. out
B. with
C. from
D. by
25. A. them
B. themselves
C. it
D. itself
26. A. able
B. is able
C. enable
D. enabled
27. A. Thus
B. However
C. Suddenly
D. Therefore
28. A. such
B. example
C. like
D. as such
29. A. prevent
B. preventing
C. avoid
D. avoiding
30. A. reproduce
B. reproductive
C. reproduction
D. reproductively
31. A. protection
B. protecting
C. protect
D. protective
32. A. rate
B. size
C. amount
D. percentage
33. A. fate
B. destiny
C. risk
D. chance
34. A. high
B. low
C. peaceful
D. chaotic
35. A. for
B. against
C. without
D. towards
Ⅳ. Reading Comprehension (60 points)
Directions: There are five reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by four
questions. For each question there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose
one best answer and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
Passage One
The Man Booker Prize for Fiction is awarded every year for a novel written by a writer from the
Commonwealth or the Republic of Ireland and it aims to represent the very best in contemporary
fiction. The prize was originally called the Booker-McConnell Prize, which was the name of the
company that sponsored it, though it was better-known as simply the "Booker Prize". In 2002, the Man Group became the sponsor and they chose the new name, keeping "Booker".
Publishers can submit books for consideration for the prize, but the judges can also ask for books to be submitted they think should be included. Firstly, the Advisory Committee give advice if there have been any changes to the rules for the prize and selects the people who will judge the books. The judging panel changes every year and usually a person is only a judge once.
Great efforts are made to ensure that the judging panel is balanced in terms of gender and professions within the industry, so that a writer, a critic, an editor and an academic are chosen along with a well-known person from wider society. However, when the panel of judges has been finalized, they are left to make their own decisions without any further involvement or interference from the prize sponsor.
The Man Booker judges include critics, writers and academics to maintain the consistent quality of the prize and its influence is such that the winner will almostcertainly see the sales increase
considerably, in addition to the ￡ 50,000 that comes with the prize.
36. The Man group
A. was forced to keep the name "Booker"
B. decided to include the name "Booker"
C. decided to keep the name "Booker-McConnell"
D. decided to use only the name "Booker"
37. Who advises on changes to the rules?
A. The sponsors.
B. The judging panel.
C. The advisory panel.
D. Publishers.
38. The judging panel
A. doesn't include women
B. includes only women
C. in only chosen from representatives of the industry
D. includes someone from outside the industry
39. The consistent quality of the prize
A. is guaranteed by the prize money
B. is guaranteed by the gender of the judges
C. is guaranteed by the make-up of the panel of judges
D. is guaranteed by the increase in sales of the winner
Passage Two
The pines belong to the coniferous(结球果的) class of trees; that is, trees which bear cones.
The pines may be told from the other coniferous trees by their leaves, which are in the form of needles two inches or more in length. These needles keep green throughout the entire year. This is characteristic of all coniferous trees, except the larch and cypress, which shed their leaves in winter.
The pines are widely distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere, and include about 80
distinct species with over 600 varieties. The species enumerated here are especially common in the eastern part of the United States, growing either native in the forest or under cultivation in the parks. The pines form a very important class of timber trees and produce beautiful effects when planted in groups in the parks.
How to tell them from each other: The pine needles are arranged in clusters. Each species has a
certain characteristic number of needles to the cluster and this fact generally provides the simplest and most direct way of distinguishing the different pines.
In the white pine there are five needles to each cluster, in the pitch pine three, and in the Scotch
pine two. The Austrian pine also has two needles to the cluster, but the difference in size and character of the needles will distinguish this species from the Scotch pine.
40. Which of the following statements is not a fact?
A. Pine trees are classified as coniferous.
B. Most pine trees remain green all year.
C. Pine trees are more useful for timber than for landscaping.
D. Pines are found throughout the Northern Hemisphere.
41. Which of the following trait is common to pine trees?
A. They differ among themselves by shades of green.
B. Their pine needles are arranged in clusters.
C. They are most common to the western United States.
D. They have different numbers of branches.
42. How are larch and cypress trees different from other pine trees?
A. They have an odd number of pine needles per cluster.
B. They shed their leaves in winter.
C. Their pine needles are longer than other varieties.
D. They are only found in cultivated parks.
43. Which pattern of organization is used?
A. Comparison/contrast.
B. Cause/effect.
C. Order of importance.
D. Spatial order.
Passage Three
Love is a wondrous state, deep, tender, and rewarding. Because of its intimate and personal
nature, it is regarded by some as an improper topic for experimental research. But, whatever our personal feelings may be, our assigned mission as psychologists is to analyze all facets (方面) of human and animal behavior into their component variables. So far as love or affection is concerned, psychologists have failed in this mission. The little we know about love does not transcend simple observation, and the little we write about it has been written better by poets and novelists. But of greater concern is the fact that psychologists tend to give progressively less attention to a motive which pervades our entire lives. Psychologists, at least psychologists who write textbooks, not only show no interest in the origin and development of love or affection, but they seem to be unaware of its very existence.
The apparent repression of love by modern psychologists stands in sharp contrast with the attitude taken by many famous and normal people. The word "love" has the highest reference frequency of any word cited in Bartlett's Book of Familiar Quotations. It would appear that this emotion has long had a vast interest and fascination for human beings, regardless of the attitude taken by psychologists ; but the quotations cited, even by famous and normal people, have a mundane redundancy. These authors and authorities have stolen love from the child and infant and made it the exclusive property of the adolescent and adult.
44. According to the passage,
A. poets and other authors have deemed romantic love the only type of love
B. only adults and adolescents are capable of feeling true love
C. modern psychologists realize the importance of studying love
D. love belongs solely in poetry books
45. The author probably supports which of the following statements?
A. Social science should not deal with human emotions.
B. Emotion is a vital aspect of the study of human behavior.
C. Love is too personal and improper for experimental research.
D. Psychology textbook writers do not feel love is an important emotion.
46. The best statement of the main idea for the passage is
A. Bartlett's book publishes quotations about love
B. love is a wondrous state, deep, tender and rewarding
C. psychologists write terrible textbooks because they ignore love
D. psychologist must study all aspects of human behavior, including love
47. The tone of the passage is best described as
A. objective
B. ironic
C. condescending
D. fond
Passage Four
Years ago, a cigarette commercial asked if you were smoking more, but enjoying it less. That
describes the way many of us live today. We are doing more, but enjoying it less. And when that doesn't work, we compound the problem. In our frantic search for satisfaction, we try stuffing still more into our days, never realizing that we are taking the wrong approach.
The truth is simple; so simple it is hard to believe. Satisfaction lies with less, not with more.
Yet, we pursue the myth that this thing, or that activity, will somehow provide the satisfaction we so desperately seek.
Arthur Lindman, in his devastating book, The Harried Leisure Class, described the futility of
pursuing more. His research focused on what people did with their leisure time. He found that as income rose, people bought more things to occupy their leisure time. But, ironically, the more things they bought, the less they valued any one of them. Carried to an extreme, he predicted massive boredom in the midst of tremendous variety. That was more than twenty years ago, and his prediction seems more accurate every year.
Lindman of course, is not the first to discover this. The writer of Ecclesiastes expressed the same
thought thousands of years ago. It is better, he wrote, to have less, but enjoy it more.
If you would like to enjoy life more, I challenge you to experiment with me. How could you
simplify your life? What could you drop? What could you do without? What could you stop pursuing? What few things could you concentrate on?
The more I learn, the more I realize that fullness of life does not depend on things. The more I
give up, the more I seem to gain. But words will never convince you. You must try it for yourself.
48. Arthur Lindman wrote
A. a novel
B. The Harried Leisure Class
C. Ecclesiastes
D. an article on smoke
49. Lindman wrote his book
A. ten years ago
B. twenty years ago
C. more than twenty years ago
D. less than ten year ago
50. Based on the passage, we can make our life happier if we
A. get rid of useless things
B. buy more things
C. sell things we do not need
D. send things to our friends
51. Based on the passage, simplifying our life is
A. nonsense
B. our duty
C. a good piece of advice
D. unrealistic
Passage Five
When the Old and New Cities of Jerusalem were reunited in 1967, a recently widowed Arab
woman, who had been living in Old Jerusalem since 1948, wanted to see once more the house in which she formerly lived. Now that the city was one, she searched for and found her old home. She knocked on the door of the apartment, and a Jewish widow came to the door and greeted her. The Arab woman explained that she had lived there until 1948 and wanted to look around. She was invited in and offered coffee. The Arab woman said, "When I lived here, I hid some valuables. If they are still here, I will share them with you half and half. " The Jewish woman refused. " If they belonged to you and are still here, they are yours. " After much discussion back and forth, they entered the bathroom, loosened the floor planks, and found a hoard of gold coins. The Jewish woman said, "I shall ask the government to let you keep them. " She did and permission was granted.
The two widows visited each other again and again, and one day the Arab woman told her, "You
know, in the 1948 fighting here, my husband and I were so frightened that we ran away to escape. We grabbed our belongings, took the children, and each fled separately. We had a three-month-old son. I thought my husband had taken him, and he thought I had. Imagine our grief when we were reunited in Old Jerusalem to find that neither of us had taken the child. "
The Jewish woman turned pale, and asked the exact date. The Arab woman named the date and
the hour, and the Jewish widow told her: " My husband was one of the Israeli troops that entered
Jerusalem. He came into this house and found a baby on the floor. He asked if he could keep the house and the baby, too. Permission was granted. "
At that moment, a twenty-year-old Israeli soldier in uniform walked into the room, and the Jewish woman broke down in tears. "This is your son," she cried. This is one of those incredible tales we hear. And the aftermath? The two women liked each other so much that the Jewish widow asked the Arab mother: "Look, we are both widows living alone. Our children are grown up. This house has brought you luck. You have found your son, or our son. Why don't we live together?" And they do.
52. When the Arab woman visited her former house, the Jewish woman invited her to
A. some lemon juice
B. some coffee
C. some tea
D. some milk
53. When the Arab woman told the Jewish woman that there might be a treasure in the house, the Arab woman suggested
A. keeping all the treasure
B. giving the treasure away
C. hiding the treasure
D. sharing the treasure
54. When the Jewish woman's husband entered the house for the first time he found
A. a boy
B. a girl
C. rats
D. a woman and her son
55. Currently, the two women
A. are married again
B. frequently visit each other
C. live in different places
D. live together
Ⅴ. Daily Conversation (15 points)
Directions: Pick out five appropriate expressions from the eight choices below and complete the
following dialogue by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
A. that would be nice
B. it's time for me to see my friends
C. What can do for you
D. Thanks for coming so quickly
E. I'll get them immediately
F. you may do me a favor
G. I'll have them cleaned
H. I enjoy it
Maria: (knocks on the room door) May I come in, madam?
Ms Anderson: Yes.56
Maria: Certainly, madam. How can I help you?
Ms Anderson: I'd like some fresh towels in the suite when I get back this evening.
Maria: 57Would you like me to also change the bed sheets?
Ms Anderson: Yes, 58Could you also turn down the covers?
Maria: Is there anything else I can do for you? Perhaps you have some laundry I can take to be
cleaned.
Ms Anderson: Now that you mention it, I do have some clothes in the laundry bag.
Maria: Very good, madam.59 and folded when you return.
Ms Anderson: Excellent. You know, it gets stuffy in this room.
Maria: I'd be happy to open the window while you are away. I'll make sure to close it before you return.
Ms Anderson: That's good to hear. Well, 60Today we're visiting a vineyard.
Maria: Enjoy your day, madam.
Ⅵ．Writing(25 points)
Directions：For this part，you are supposed to write an essay in English in about l00-120words based on the following situation．Remember to write it clearly．
61.请以少年暴力(teen violence)为主题写一篇短文，内容包括：
(1)少年暴力现状：
(2)少年暴力的原因(如：家庭、社会、媒体等)；
(3)解决此问题的建议。
英语应试模拟第10套参考答案与解析
Ⅰ．Phonetics
【答案】
1．A 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．C
【解析】
1．选A画线部分读
2．选D画线部分读
3．选B画线部分读
4．选A画线部分读
5．选C画线部分读
Ⅱ．Vocabulary and Structure
【答案】
6．A 7．C 8．A 9．B l0．B ll．C l2．A l3．A l4．C l5．D l6．B l7．D
18．B l9．D 20．D
【解析】
6．考查分词及词义辨析。过去分词和现在分词都可以表示状态。但现在分词通常以事物为主语，过去分词常以人为主语。这里的主语是teacher，是人。Depress沮丧，bore无聊。选项A是正确的。【句子大意】当学生们学得不好时，老师显得非常沮丧，几个星期都没有笑脸。
7．考查连词。After在……之后，for因为，since自……以来，before在……以前。选项C是正确的。【句子大意】他当领导以来，付诸实施了许多新的理念。
8．考查动词与介词的搭配。Side with支持、赞助，side against联合反对，side round和side
in没有这两个词组的搭配。后半句说他们能够阻止做某事，说明两个人是意见一致的。选项A是正确的。【句子大意】在这个问题上哈利支持西蒙，他们能够阻止这项工程。
9．考查固定词组。Feel like doing sth．想／喜欢做某事(固定词组)。选项B是正确的。【句子大意】今天不想出门。
10．考查冠词。特指这份工作的一部分，应用定冠词。选项B是正确的。【句子大意】今晚我们很可能就在酒店里用餐了，然后早点儿睡觉。我讨厌住酒店，可这也是工作的一部分。
11．考查have sth．done固定用法，意为由别人完成的动作。选项C是正确的。【句子大意】
我希望明天早上之前把它修好。
12．考查时态。Came表明是过去发生的事，waiting表明正在发生，所给选项都与完成时有关，说明到过去的那个时间为止，某项动作已经发生并还在发生着或刚刚结束，应用过去完成进行时。选项A是正确的。【句子大意】她来时我已经等了有一个小时了。
13．考查常用短语。0ne thing or another一件事，另一件事。这个不是固定词组，但常被连起来使用。选项A是正确的。【句子大意】他总是在抱怨，不是这件事就是那件事。
14．考查词意辨析。Happy幸福，comparative相对的，precious珍贵的，generous慷慨的。健康当然是最珍贵的。选项C是正确的。【句子大意】没有什么能跟人的健康一样珍贵。
15．考查副词词意辨析。Always总是，never从不，usually通常，seldom很少。Only表示很少，一年才两三次，的确很少。选项D是正确的。【句子大意】罗伯特一年才去健身房两三次。他很少去健身房。
16．考查条件句虚拟语气的时态。Had had表明是发生在过去，并说明没有带雨伞。条件句的虚拟语气中，与过去事实相反应用过去完成时。要带伞就不会淋湿了，主句用否定式。选项B是正确的。【句子大意】如果你带伞了就不会淋湿了。
17．考查反义疑问句。陈述部分为肯定式时，疑问部分为否定式。Need为普通动词，疑问部分也应用普通动词。陈述部分为一般现在时，疑问部分也应是一般现在时。选项D是正确的。【句子大意】他正在患花粉热，需要看医生，是吗?
18．考查带有否定意义的形容词。A few几个，few没有几个、几乎没有，some一些，many很多。Unfortunately(不幸)说明她的朋友不会多，应用带有否定意义的词。选项B是正确的。【句子大意】很不幸，玛丽在纽约没有几个朋友。
19．考查代词的单、复数。Everybody这里实际上指的是所有人，所以在选择与它相对应的所有格时应是复数形式。选项D是正确的。【句子大意】每一个人都应在考试时尽最大努力。
20．考查介词短语。By the time到……时候，just in time刚好，in no time很快地，at the time那时。选项D是正确的。【句子大意】他还记得当时他在干什么吗?
Ⅲ．Cloze
【答案】
21．A 22．B 23．D 24．C 25．B 26．D 27．B 28．C 29．D 30．B 31．A
32．B 33．C 34．A 35．B
【解析】
21．看22题的四个选项可以断定这里指食人鱼是什么样的杀手。应当选择具有“作为”含义的词。选项A是正确的：作为可怕的杀手。
22．Killer杀手，murderer凶手。二者的区别在于前者泛指杀人，后者强调有预谋的行凶。
选项B是正确的。
23．Tell告诉，say说，describe描述，portray描绘。文中have been表明是被动语态，应选择过去分词；根据上下文，这种鱼已被描绘成致命的食肉动物。选项D是正确的。
24．表示“来自于哪儿”应用介词from。此处意为来自圣安德鲁斯大学的专家。选项c是正
确的。
25．根据上下文：食人鱼组成巨大的群体并不是为了猎取，而是为了自我保护以抵御其他的
捕猎者。因此，这里应选用具有“它们自己”含义的词。选项B是正确的。
26．Able能够，应与be连用；be able能；enable使能够；enabled是enable的过去式。根据上下文，这里讲的是以前人们对食人鱼的看法，应用过去时。食人鱼的群体活动可以赋予它们合作捕猎的能力。选项D是正确的。
27．从“我们发现……”一句看出，与以前人们的看法不同，食人鱼的群体活动只是为了保护自己。应选择表示与前句意义相反的转折词。选项B是正确的。
28．食人鱼会受到其他动物的攻击。这里列举几种动物，应用like，或such as。选项C是正
确的。
29．食人鱼群体活动的目的是避免被杀戮(being killed)。Prevent sb．from doing sth．防止某
人做某事，该词通常与from连用，排除选项A和B。of是介词，后跟名词性的词。所以，选项D是正确的。
30．由此往后连起来看，大意是食人鱼的群体组合是根据所面临的危险，根据水的深浅。并
且，处于繁殖期的鱼处于鱼群的中央，以获得保护。of后应跟名词性词组，age前应有形容词修饰。Reproduce是动词，reproductive是形容词，reproduction是名词，reproductively是副词。选项B是正确的。Reproductive age繁殖期。
31．把处于繁殖期的鱼围在中间的目的是为了保护它们。For是介词，后用名词形式。选项
A是正确的。For protection为了保护。
32．根据此题的不同选项和文章上下文可知，这里指鱼群的大小。Rate比率、速度，size大
小，amount数量，percentage百分比。选项B是正确的。
33．鱼群的大小组合肯定是根据可能面临危险的大小。Fate命运，destiny命运，risk危险，
chance机会。选项C是正确的。
34．根据下一句：如果水位下降。说明这里应该是指水位比较高的时候。选项A是正确的。
35．For支持，against反对，without没有，towards朝、关于。根据原文，食人鱼组成大的鱼群作为保护以抵御捕食者。选项B是正确的。
【原文大意】
英国科学家公布，食人鱼作为可怕的杀手的名声很可能是不该它们承受的。在巴西亚马逊
河发现的鱼被描述成致命的食肉动物，这种鱼成群地覆盖它们的猎物，并在几秒钟内剥光它的肉体。
然而，来自圣安德鲁斯大学的专家们说食人鱼是杂食动物，它们的主要食物是鱼、植物和昆
虫。它们组成大的群体不是为了猎物，而是为了依靠群体的形式保护自己，防范其他的捕猎者。
Anne Magurran教授说：“以前，人们认为食人鱼之所以成群结队是因为这样可以有利于它们
合作猎物。然而我们发现，这种形式主要是一种防御行为。”
食人鱼会被其他的动物攻击，例如，海豚、凯门鳄以及大鱼。因此，组成鱼群是一个避免被吞噬的很好的方法。它们将处于繁殖期的食人鱼围在鱼群的中间使其受到保护，食人鱼群的大小基于危险的程度。水位高时，鱼群比较小，因为有足够的空间逃跑。但是，当水位下降时，它们会组成大的鱼群以抵御捕猎者。
Ⅳ．Reading Comprehension
第一篇
【答案】
36．B 37．C 38．D 39．D
【解析】
36．第一段。2002年，曼财团成为布克奖的赞助商。他们决定保留原来名称中的“布克(Booker)”。选项B是正确的。
37．第二段。顾问团给出是否修改规则的建议。选项C是正确的。
38．第三段。评审团的成员不仅来自于这个产业内部也来自于社会上更广泛的领域(wider society)以保证公平。选项D是正确的。
39．第四段。来自多领域的评审们是这一奖项的质量保证。除此之外，对于获奖者来说，这个奖的影响力会使他们获奖小说的销售数量上升。选项D是正确的。
【原文大意】
“曼布克小说奖”每年一次颁发给来自英联邦和爱尔兰的作家，其目的是展示当代最优秀的小说。这个奖的最初的名称是“布克一麦康奈尔奖”，是这个奖的赞助商的名字，但通常被称为“布克奖”。2002年，曼财团成为这个奖的赞助商，它给这一奖项起了新名字，但保留了“Booker”字眼。
出版商可以提供认为可以获奖的书，评审也可以要求提供他们认为应该包括在内的书。首先，顾问团给出是否修改规则的建议，然后选出评审员。评审团的人员每年是不同的，通常一个人只参加一次评选。
为保证评审团成员在性别和专业上的平衡，这一奖项做出了巨大的努力。评审员包括作家、评论家、编辑以及学术研究者，外加社会知名人士。不管怎样，当评审员完成评审后分开，各自作出自己的决定，没有奖项赞助商的介入和任何干涉。
“曼布克小说奖”的评审员包括评论家、作家以及学术界人士，以保证其奖项的始终如一的
质量。该奖的影响在于，获胜者除了50 000英镑的奖金外，她／他的书的销量也可以非常肯定地获得相当大的提升。
第二篇
【答案】
40．C 41．B 42．B 43．A
【解析】
40．这篇文章讲的是松树的不同种类。第一、二段。选项A在第一段，松树属于球果类树。选项B在第一段，多数松叶四季常青。选项D在第二段，松树分布在整个北半球。选项C表述错误。第二段提到松树既可做木材也可观赏，但并未说松树做木材比观赏更重要。
41．第一、三段。松树的共同点是它们都有针状叶，并且其针状叶是成组的。选项B是正
确的。
42．第一段。落叶松和柏树的叶子在冬天要脱落，而其他松树的叶子是四季常青。选项B是正确的。
43．全文用比较、对比的方式说明松树的种类和不同种类之间的区别。选项A是正确的。
【原文大意】
松树属于球果类的树，即树结球果。松树可根据它的树叶与其他的球果类树相区别。松树
的树叶是针状的，其长度有两英寸或更长。这些树叶一年四季常青。这也是除了落叶松和柏树之外所有球果类树的共同点，落叶松和柏松的树叶在冬天是要脱落的。
松树分布在整个北半球，包括80个特种600多个变种。这里所列举的特种树在美国的东部
已很普遍。这些树要么原产于大森林，要么种植在公园里。松树是非常重要的成材树，在公园里栽种又有美观的效果。
如何区别不同种类的松树呢?松针是以组的形式构成的。每种树的每组针叶的数量是不同的。这是最简单也是最直接的区别松树种类的方法。
白松的每组针叶是五个，油松则是三个，而苏格兰松则是两个。奥地利松也是两个针叶一组，它与苏格兰松的不同点是针叶的大小和其特点。
第三篇
【答案】
44．C 45．C 46．B 47．A
【解析】
44．这篇文章讲的是心理学家对爱情研究的可能性。第一段中提到对爱情的研究是现代心理学家研究的一个课题。选项C是正确的。
45．这篇文章实际上是对心理学家研究爱情的批评。作者认为爱情是私密的，是渗透到人的生命中的。这也是为什么心理学家的研究是失败的原因。选项C是正确的。
46．第一段第一句话就点明主题，说明爱情是不容易研究的。选项B是正确的。
47．文章的整体语气是客观的。作者虽然认为心理学家对爱情的研究是不合适的，还是用说理的方式阐述观点。选项A是正确的。
【原文大意】
爱情是一种令人惊奇的状态，深厚、温和、有回报。由于它的私密本性，有些人则认为以它作为实验研究的题目是不合适的。但不管我们的个人情感如何，我们作为心理学家天生的任务是分析人类和动物组成变量中的行为的所有方面。就爱情或爱慕来说，心理学家在这项任务中已经失败了。我们所知道的一点点爱情并没有超越简单的观察，并且，我们所写的一点点爱情也已被诗人和小说家描述得更美。然而，更重要的关注是心理学家趋于逐渐减少的对动机的注意力。
这个动机渗透于我们的全部生命。心理学家，至少是写教材的心理学家，不仅仅对爱情或爱慕的初始和发展表示不感兴趣，他们还似乎并未意识到爱情的存在。
现代心理学家对爱情的明显抑制与许多名人和普通人的爱情的态度有着强烈的反差。“爱
情”这个词在Bartlett的《名言辞典》中涉及率最高。这样看来，不管心理学家的态度如何，人类早就对这种情感产生了极大的兴趣，并被它的魅力所吸引，甚至被名人或普通人所引用的名言都有着平凡的重复。这些作家和权威人士已经把爱情从孩童和婴儿那里偷走了，使爱情成了青少年和成人的专属财产。
第四篇
【答案】
48．B 49．C 50．A 51．C
【解析】
48．这篇文章讲的是享受与物质之间的关系。第四段中提到Arthur Lindman写的书叫《被蹂躏的有闲阶级》。选项B是正确的。
49．第四段。Lindman的预言发生在20多年前。“预言”指他书中所说的。选项C是正确的。
50．文章通篇讲的是要敢于放弃，充分享受少量的已经拥有的。尤其是第六段，用几个问题告知我们放弃、不追求无用的东西，我们的生活会更好。选项A是正确的。
51．最后两段中作者以自己的经验告诉我们简化我们的生活是值得尝试的建议。选项C是
正确的。
【原文大意】
数年前，有一个香烟广告，问道：你是否抽烟越多而享受越少。这种现象实际上解释了我们许多人今天的生活。我们做得越多反而享受得越少。当做得多而不能享受更多时，我们把问题复杂化了。当我们发狂地寻求满足时，我们则试图把我们的一天填充得更满，从来没有意识到我们正奔向错误的通道。
事实很简单，简单到难以置信。满足依赖于更少而不是更多。
然而，我们拼命追求的能够带给我们满足感的事物或活动不过是个神话，我们绝望地探寻着。
Arthur Lindman在他的令人震惊的《被蹂躏的有闲阶级》一书中描述了追求更多的无效性。他的研究焦点是人们在休闲时间都做了什么。他发现，随着收入的增加人们会以买更多的东西来充实休闲时间。然而，具有讽刺意味的是买的东西越多，越没有价值。他预言，这种巨大的无聊会在极大的变化中走向极端。他的预言发表在20多年前。如今，这个预言每一年都在越来越精确地显现。
Lindman当然不是第一个发现这个问题的。《传道书》的作者在数千年前就表达了这种观点。他写道：更好的办法是少一些拥有，多一些对拥有的享受。
如果你想更多地享受生活，我邀你与我一起做实验。你怎样使你的生活简单化?你能放弃什么?什么可以使你没有什么也可以做?你能够停止追求的是什么?你能够专注于极少的哪几样事情?
我学得越多，就越意识到生活的富足不在于东西的多少。我放弃得越多，似乎得到的也就越多。当然，文字说服不了你，你必须自己去体验。
第五篇
【答案】
52．B 53．D 54．A 55．D
【解析】
52．这篇文章讲的是两个妇女和一个儿子的故事。第一段中提到犹太妇女请阿拉伯妇女进屋并送上了咖啡。选项B是正确的。
53．第一段中提到阿拉伯妇女说，如果珍宝还在，她愿意与犹太妇女平分，即分享(share)。选项D是正确的。
54．第三段中提到以色列士兵进入房间发现了地板上的男孩。选项A是正确的。
55．最后一段中提到犹太妇女建议，既然两人都是单身，儿子也已长大，两个人应该住在一起。文章的最后一句话说她们住在了一起，应该一直到现在。选项D是正确的。
【原文大意】
1967年，当耶路撒冷的新旧城市合并时，一位刚刚失去丈夫的、从1948年就住在旧耶路撒冷的阿拉伯妇女想到她曾经住过的房子去看看。现在是一个城市了，她寻找着，终于找到了她的旧家。她敲响了公寓的门，一位失去丈夫的犹太妇女出门迎接她。阿拉伯妇女解释说，她在这里一直住到l948年，想回来看看。她被邀请进了房间，送上了咖啡。阿拉伯妇女说：“我住在这时，藏了一些珍宝。如果这些东西还在，我们俩对半分。”犹太妇女拒绝了：“如果这些东西是你的，并且还在，那就还是你的。”经过反复讨论之后，她们走进浴室，撬开地板，发现了储藏的金币。
犹太妇女说：“我会跟政府说由你来保管它们。”她这样做了，其请求得到了允许。
两位妇女经常互相走访。一天，阿拉伯妇女说：“你知道，l948年这里在打仗，我和我的丈夫吓坏了，夺路而逃。我们抓起东西，带着孩子，可是逃散了。我们有一个三个月大的儿子。我以为我丈夫带着他，他以为我带着他。你可以想象，当我们回到旧耶路撒冷团聚时发现我们谁都没有带着孩子时的心情。”
犹太妇女的脸色突然变得苍白，询问具体的日期。阿拉伯妇女说出日期和时间，犹太妇女告诉她：“我丈夫是进入耶路撒冷的以色列士兵，他进入这个房子，发现地板上有个男孩，他请求收养这个孩子并住到这个房子里。他的请求得到批准。”
就在这时，一个20岁、穿着军装的以色列士兵步入房间，犹太妇女流下眼泪哭着说：“这是你的儿子。”这真是一个难以置信的故事。那么后来呢?这两位妇女成了很好的朋友。犹太妇
女问阿拉伯母亲：“我们都没有丈夫，一个人住着，我们的孩子已经长大，这座房子给你带来了好运，你找到了你的儿子，或者说我们的孩子，我们为什么不住在一起呢?”就这样，她们住在了一起。
Ⅴ.Daily Conversation
【答案】
56．D 57．E 58．A 59．G 60．B
【解析】
56．这是一段场景为宾馆里服务员与客人之间的对话。服务员敲门请求进屋。客人则说：“你来得很快。”选项D是正确的。
57．上一句客人要新的毛巾，所以这里，服务员的回答应该是：“马上拿来。”选项E是正确的。
58．服务员问床单是否也换，回答应该是：“那当然好了。”选项A是正确的。
59．前面服务员说宾馆可以帮客户洗衣服。客人回答说：“这倒提醒了我，我正好有几件脏衣服在洗衣袋里。”服务员的回答是她可以拿去洗好，并且叠好。选项G是正确的。
60．客人交代好服务员要做的事，要出门了。应该说表示再见的话。选项B是正确的。
【原文大意】
Maria：(敲门声)女士，我可以进来吗?
Ms Anderson：请进。你来得真快。
Maria：当然。您需要什么，女士?
Ms Anderson：我晚上回来之前在我的房间里放几块干净的毛巾。
Maria：我马上就放好。您要换床单吗?
Ms Anderson：那当然好。顺便把罩单折一下好码?
Maria：还有其他的事吗?您有没有要洗的衣服?
Ms Anderson：你提醒我了，我有几件衣服在洗衣袋里。
Maria：好的，我把它们拿去洗，您回来时我会把它们叠好。
Ms Anderson：很好。嗯，房间里空气不太好。
Maria：您不在时我把窗户打开，在您回来之前再把它关上。
Ms Anderson：太感谢了。我该去看朋友了。我们今天去参观一个葡萄园。
Maria：祝您一天玩儿得愉快，女士。
Ⅵ．Writing
61．【高分作文】
Nowadays, teen violence has become a big issue in our society.
There are mainly three reasons for the teen violence. Troubled family can influence children and
cause them to become easy to be violent because of their parents' frequent quarrels and fights.
Secondly, disordered neighborhood encourages disordered behavior. Friendly relationship among these neighbors is generally lacking. Some teenagers even get involved with violent gangs. Media is another factor to cause teen violence. More and more violent movies, violent computer games, etc. come out to give teenager a wrong signal that Violence is some kind of exciting and cool things to do.
To prevent teen violence, adults' behavior should be changed in both family and neighborhood and adults should understand and be close with teenagers. The government should be involved too, to limit the violent movies and computer games.
